Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 385 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in February 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 385 entries and was last updated in February 2024.
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| Countries | Date | Title | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
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19 December 2023 | Collective agreement for freedom to choose journeys signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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28 September 2023 | Milan tribunal orders Uber Eats Italy to reverse lay-off of 4,000 riders
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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19 September 2023 | Collective agreement on transparency and account deactivation in the VTC platform sector signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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29 August 2023 | Union Indépendants
Initiative | On-location worker-initiated moderately skilled work |
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14 July 2023 | Trade union membership fees of up to PLN 300 tax deductible in Poland
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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27 April 2023 | Agreement guaranteeing cab drivers and platforms on minimum pay per ride
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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20 April 2023 | Minimum hourly wage for platform delivery drivers and riders established
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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20 April 2023 | Terms and conditions for platform worker account deactivation established
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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20 April 2023 | Method agreement on resources for representatives of platform delivery workers established
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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24 March 2023 | Supreme Court of Netherlands finds Deliveroo couriers are employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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18 February 2023 | Danish firm Nemlig and trade union 3F Transport conclude Collective Bargaining Agreement for delivery drivers
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 February 2023 | Milan Court of Appeal judges Deliveroo delivery rider must have employment status.
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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18 January 2023 | Agreement on minimum income per ride signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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18 January 2023 | Method agreement on negotiations and social dialogue in the VTC platform sector signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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21 November 2022 | Agreement between ABVV-BTB Union and Uber
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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10 November 2022 | Observatory of Labour, Algorithm and Society
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 July 2022 | Trade union Werkvereniging organises platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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1 June 2022 | Flink Workers' Collective
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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26 May 2022 | Couriers Association
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 April 2022 | Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d’emploi (ARPE)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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1 April 2022 | Croatian Society of Independent Professionals
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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16 February 2022 | ELSU’s engagement for platform workers in Ireland
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 February 2022 | Collective agreement for platform workers between Just Eat, CCOO and UGT in Spain
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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2 countries |
24 January 2022 | ReAct
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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24 January 2022 | UNION (CFDT)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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24 January 2022 | Indépendants.co
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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24 January 2022 | WBREW Polish Trade Union for Self-Employed
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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24 January 2022 | Polish Association of Self-Employed and Freelancers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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6 January 2022 | Collective Agreement bewteen Voocali and HK
Initiative | Online client-determined specialist work |
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23 November 2021 | Platform Zelfstandige Ondernemers (PZO)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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2 countries |
23 November 2021 | Deliveroo strikes Netherlands and Belgium
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2021 | Works Councils Lieferando, Mjam and Veloce
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2021 | Riders Collective
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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2 countries |
27 October 2021 | Digital Danube Network (DiDaNet)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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27 October 2021 | Platform Cooperatives Germany
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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27 October 2021 | Works Council Foodora Cologne and Hamburg; Works Council Lieferando Cologne and Frankfurt
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2021 | Smart (société mutuelle pour artistes)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2021 | Deliver Union Campaign, FAU Berlin
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 October 2021 | Velogista
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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16 September 2021 | First Croatian Union of Platform Workers Established
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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16 September 2021 | Greek Law no. 4808/2021
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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29 May 2021 | Collective agreement between Just Eat, trade union CGIL, CISL and UIL Trasporti and workers in Italy
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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12 May 2021 | Riders’ law
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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21 April 2021 | Ordinance No. 2021-484 of 21 April 2021 to establish representation for platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
Tag Updated |
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23 March 2021 | Riders Union Reggio Emilia
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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5 March 2021 | Justice for Foodora Couriers
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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17 February 2021 | Uber before the Brussels Labour Court concerning the status of a worker
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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3 February 2021 | Deliveroo France
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 February 2021 | Association of platforms using independent workers (Association des Plateformes des indépendants, API)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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1 February 2021 | Suomen Yrittäjät
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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1 February 2021 | Collective agreement between AssoDelivery and UGL
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | turespuestasindical
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Asoriders
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Coursiers Bordelais
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | SCP-VTC (Syndicat des Chauffeurs Privés - véhicule de tourisme avec chauffeur)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Works Council Deliveroo Cologne, Germany
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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2 countries |
22 January 2021 | Uber London Drivers Network
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Si-Cobas (Sindacato Intercategoriale Cobas Lavoratori Autorganizzati, Inter-sectoral self-organised workers’ union)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Riders’ Union Netherlands
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail, CGT)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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2 countries |
22 January 2021 | YouTubers Union
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Mladi Plus
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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22 January 2021 | SCCUD Dijon
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | SCVG Bordeaux and CGT
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Ver.di
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Estonian Sharing Economy Association (Eesti Jagamismajanduse Liit)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Deutscher Crowdsourcing Verband (DCV) (German Crowdsourcing Association).
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Adigital
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Common Platforms (Plateformes en Communs) and Association La Coop des Communs
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Česká asociace sdílené ekonomiky, ČASE (Czech Sharing Economy Association)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Agreement to collaborate between FNV and Temper
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Collective agreement Italian logistics sector
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Transnational Federation of Couriers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Works council Foodora Austria
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | SE (Societas Europaea, European Company) Works Council Delivery Hero
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Riders Union Bologna
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | GoOpti worker protest
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Collectif des Courier-e-s (Couriers Collective)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Collective agreement for bicycle couriers in Austria
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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3 countries |
22 January 2021 | FairTube
Initiative | Online platform-determined higher-skilled work |
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22 January 2021 | Collective agreement between Foodora and the United Federation of Trade Unions (Fellesforbundet)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | GMB Union and Hermes
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | UGT - Manifesto of Intentions - Ride-hailing platforms
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | United Freelancers and ACV-CSC
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | France: Law 2016-1088
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Independent Delivery Workers Collective in Paris (CLAP)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Deliveroo strike United Kingdom
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Deliveroo strike Spain
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | NIdiL and CGIL
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | CGT delivery unions
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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21 January 2021 | Ombuds Office
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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21 January 2021 | GPA-DJP
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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2 countries |
21 January 2021 | digitalplatformobservatory.org
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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17 December 2020 | Justice once again agrees with UGT: Glovo distributors are salaried employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 December 2020 | Lawsuit FNV: Uber drivers get too little
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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1 May 2020 | Riders for rights (Rider x i diritti)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 January 2020 | Intersyndicale nationale (INV) VTC trade union
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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10 May 2019 | Collective agreement between LaConsegna and FILT-CGIL, FIT-CISL and UIL Trasporti of Florence
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 January 2019 | Federation of Dutch Trade Unions (FNV) against Deliveroo on collective agreement
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 November 2017 | Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain (IWGB) v. RooFoods Ltd. T/A Deliveroo - TUR1/985(2016)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
