Platform work database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s Platform Work Database provides information on 461 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in September 2026 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 461 entries and was last updated in September 2026.
The Ministry of Labour and Social Economy published a draft bill to transpose Directive (EU) 2024/2831 and opened a prior public consultation on 31 July 2026, which ran through 14 August 2026. The draft expands the scope of national platform legislation beyond the existing 2021 Rider Law (Ley Rider). The proposed text extends the statutory presum…
In a judgement dated 10 July 2025, the Commercial Court of Barcelona dismissed in its entirety a lawsuit brought by Just Eat Spain (JES) against its competitor, Glovo. Just Eat was claiming over €295 million in damages for alleged unfair competition
Just Eat's central claim was that Glovo had engaged in unfair competition by systematically breakin…
The Labour Court No. 4 of Donostia-San Sebastián has ruled that there is a employment relationship between the company Glovo and 168 of its delivery riders. The Labour Inspectorate of Gipuzkoa initiated proceedings in April 2022 against Glovo prompting the General Treasury of the Social Security to file a lawsuit. The company was accused of faili…
Glovo (the Spanish unit of Delivery Hero) has announced that it will hire riders as full-time employees. This shift is intended to mitigate ongoing legal uncertainties and regulatory penalties previously faced by the company. The new model will be rolled out in more than 900 locations in Spain where Glovo operates, the company said, affecting abo…
As part of a royal decree law on June 28, 2023, the Spanish Government further modified the Land Transport Regulation (LOTT) to adjust criteria in the framework of rules which authorises use of public vehicle hire (VTC)s in the country. The specificity's of regulating VTC is left to the 17 autonomous regions, but LOTT sets the national framework u…
In Barcelona, Spain, professional association Elite Taxi has launched a public marketing campaign to convert platform ride hailing drivers (VTC) to become taxi drivers. The information campaign targets those working at platform companies Uber and Cabify, appealing to the better working conditions and pay on offer as a taxi driver. Slogans such as …
The Social Court number 15 in Barcelona has recognised the employment relationship between those in the occupation of cleaning and digital platform Clintu Online. The Court rules that the company, which is considered a digital platform for the provision of cleaning services, is not only an intermediary between cleaners and customers. Instead, it i…
The Catalan Government has passed a law in July 2022 which comes into force on 1 October 2022, limiting private hire platforms (VTCs) in Catalonia to limousines and passenger vans. The Decree Law is the first of its kind in Spain, delineating taxis and VTCs. This ruling is perceived as highly controversial with VTC operators stating this will cost…
In November 2022, the Observatory of Labour, Algorithm and Society (TAS) was launched in the city of Barcelona. The key aims of the observatory are to:
TAS brin…
In May 2022, the Spanish Ministry of Labour published a guidebook on the ways algorithms are being used in workplaces for hiring purposes, the determination of schedules, performance evaluation or productivity control. The objective of the publication is to provide an overview of all existing obligations and rights concerning algorithmic managemen…
In October 2021, the food delivery company Glovo announced the so-called ‘Couriers Pledge’. This new initiative sets new social standards for the platform which aim to secure fair working conditions. The pledge lays out standards for earnings, safety, communication and support for development opportunities. These standards are said to apply to all…
The first collective agreement for platform workers was signed in Spain between the trade union confederations CCOO and UGT, and the delivery platform Just Eat. It came into effect in January 2022. This follows the establishment of the Spanish Riders’ Law, which lays out that riders are to be considered employees due to their dependence on the pla…
The Riders’ law recognises food delivery riders working for digital platforms as employees rather than independent contractors under specific circumstances. It is the result of a tripartite collective bargaining agreement reached on 10 March 2021, between trade union CCOO (Workers’ Commission) and UGT (General Workers’ Confederation), employer org…
Theinitiativewas created by the Spanish trade union Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), with the aim to support and organise workers in the platform economy. It aims to get more platform workers in standard employment contracts, arguing that 'autonomous' work relationships are highly risky for the employee in terms of social security and health i…
Asoriders is a non-profit association, formed by platform workers in Spain, and has the goal to support other platform workers in issues related to economic, contractual and legal challenges.
Scope of the initiative
ASORIDERS has three key objectives: to become the voice of riders willing to remain independent workers, to provide information and b…
37 records found
| Date | Title | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| 6 November 2025 | Spain to investigate algorithmic management practices in platform work
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 31 July 2025 | Glovo Faces €450m Spanish Social Security Bill for Misclassifying Riders
Administrative action | On-location determined |
|
| 29 April 2025 | Deliveroo to stop operations in Spain following Riders Law
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 6 June 2024 | Constitutional Court of Spain rules VTC law of Madrid is legal
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 14 February 2024 | Court ruling obliges Stuart to pay 108 riders 237,000 euros for false self-employment
Court ruling | On-location determined |
Tag Updated |
| 1 February 2024 | Valencian Court fines Cabify €60,000 for illegally subcontracting drivers
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 1 May 2023 | Glovo riders win improved working conditions in Avilés after strike action
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 15 February 2023 | Basque Parliament condemns Glovo
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 24 January 2023 | Madrid Labour and Social Security Inspectorate fines Glovo €57 million for false self-employment
Administrative action | On-location determined |
Tag Updated |
| 14 November 2022 | Pamplona employment Court rules in favour of employment status for 206 Glovo riders
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 15 February 2022 | Code of Good Practice (Catalonia)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Guerilla Translation cooperative
Cooperative | Online negotiated |
|
| 11 February 2022 | La Sárria cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Eraman cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Botxo Riders cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Zámpate Zaragoza cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | La Pájara cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Huelva Vence cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Mensakas cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 11 February 2022 | Ziclo-P cooperative
Cooperative | On-location determined |
|
| 2 August 2021 | Supreme Court recognises collective dismissal of 4,000 delivery workers by Portier Eats Spain as unlawful
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 4 February 2021 | Oviedo hosts the first macro-trial against Glovo in Asturias, with 150 distributors affected
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Adigital advocating for platform work flexibility in Spain
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 22 January 2021 | UGT - Manifesto of Intentions - Ride-hailing platforms
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Deliveroo strike Spain
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Madrid Labour Court Rules Deliveroo Riders Are Employees
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Registration of Amazon Flex deliverers
Court ruling | On-location determined |
Tag Updated |
| 21 January 2021 | Decree 1076/2017 on ride-hailing services (VTC) - Later overturned by Supreme Court
Legislation | On-location determined |
Tag Updated |
| 21 January 2021 | SharingEspaña (SHES)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 21 January 2021 | Make Yourself Visible! Campaign for Road Safety of Riders in Spain
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 21 January 2021 | CoopCycle
Initiative | On-location determined |
|
| 15 January 2021 | Giggin’ Policy Project
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 17 December 2020 | Madrid Court of Appeal confirms employee status for Glovo couriers
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 18 November 2020 | Barcelona court rules in favour of employment relationship for 748 Deliveroo riders
Court ruling | On-location determined |
Tag Updated |
| 11 June 2019 | Barcelona Court Ruling: Deliveroo Riders Recognised as Employees -GCJ case - SJSO 2253/2019
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 10 June 2019 | Valencia Court Rules Deliveroo Riders as Employees - GCJ case - SJSO 2892/2019
Court ruling | On-location determined |
|
| 21 January 2018 | Riders x Derechos (Riders for Rights)
Initiative | On-location determined |
This digital story presents headline findings on the working conditions and information needs of online platform workers across key areas: Who platform workers are; Where they operate geographically; Their working conditions and earnings; How algorithmic management impacts their work; Information needs about rights and protecting workers in the digital economy.
This report analyses the working conditions and information needs of online platform workers based on a survey of 3 830 workers across 15 EU Member States. Unlike existing research focused on on-location platform work, this study examines workers who provide services entirely online. The findings reveal a workforce that is predominantly male, of prime working age and highly educated, primarily delivering skilled professional services rather than microtasks.
Building on Eurofound’s established conceptual framework of the digital age, this concept paper examines how the unfolding artificial intelligence wave is set to transform not only the world of work and employment, but also the wider fabric of society, from the delivery and quality of public services to the production, dissemination and governance of information. The analysis is guided by four vectors of change – automation, augmentation, digitisation and platformisation – identified as the central drivers shaping this transformation. The concepts presented in this paper will inform Eurofound’s future research on artificial intelligence and algorithmic management.
Findings of a new Eurofound–ELA survey conducted in 15 Member States confirm the widespread use of intrusive algorithmic management practices in online platform work.
This working paper aims to provide an overview of the legal landscape of online platform work in the EU, focusing on a set of key issues relating to the rights and protections of online platform workers. Specifically, regulations concerning working conditions and social protection, the complexities of cross-border platform work, and regulations on algorithmic management, data privacy, and protection.
This article explores how algorithmic management operates, distinguishing between rule-based and AI-driven approaches, and examines how it automates key managerial functions such as planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. It also considers the implications for workers’ employment status, drawing on recent court rulings, and assesses its impact on working conditions, highlighting both potential benefits such as efficiency gains and risks including reduced autonomy, unfair treatment and privacy infringements.
