Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 386 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in February 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 386 entries and was last updated in February 2024.
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Spain
The Social Court number 15 in Barcelona has recognised the employment relationship between those in the occupation of cleaning and digital platform Clintu Online. The Court rules that the company, which is considered a digital platform for the provision of cleaning services, is not only an intermediary between cleaners and customers. Instead, it is a provider of cleaning services which controls the assignment of tasks to cleaners and manages interactions with clients directly. The Court has ordered Clintu Online to pay 1.29 million in arrears in Social Security contributions.
The Courts decision and conclusions align with a previous finding from the Labour Inspectorate. The Inspectorate was first handed the complaint initiated by the main trade union for the industry, CCOO, in 2020.
The Court's conclusions are as follows:
The ruling states that the decision follows their investigation which finds the current relationship is illegitimately based on precarious female workers and perpetuates precariousness, decentralisation, and outsourcing of work.
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
