France

Eurofound country profile: France

Featured initiatives

• Featured

  France’s Government and Platform Employment Authority (ARPE) decree on resources for platform worker representatives

  Published by the French government and France’s Platform Employment Authority (Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d'emploi – ARPE) in the Official Journal on 7 July 2026, Decree No. 2026-592 and an accompanying order of 6 July 2026 enhance the resources for representatives of self-employed workers in the French ride-hailing (VTC) and…

  • Date 16 July 2026
  • Type

  Type

  • View
• Featured

  France highest court rules that Uber drivers are independent contractors

  On July 9, 2025, France's highest court, the Cour de Cassation, rejected an appeal by an Uber driver who sought to have his relationship with the platform reclassified as a contract of employment. The court upheld a previous ruling from the Paris Court of Appeal, 11 Jan 2024, RG 23/02704, confirming the driver's status as a self-employed contracto…

  • Date 9 August 2025
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Employment contract

  • View
• Featured

  Collective agreement on transparency and account deactivation in the VTC platform sector signed

  On September 19th, 2023, a collective agreement has been signed for the VTC (chauffeur-driven transport car) platform sector laying out rules on transparency, and determining the terms under which platforms may terminate their business relationships with platform workers in the form of account deactivation.

  This agreement entails rules on how VTC …

  • Date 19 September 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Organising and representing workers

  • View
• Featured

  Union Indépendants

  Union Indépendants is a trade union that aims to represent the interests of self-employed workers including solo-self employed, freelancers and other categories of platform workers. The union is in favour of he regulation of employment on platforms and seeks to ensure a balanced relationship between platforms and self-employed workers particularly…

  • Date 29 August 2023
  • Type

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Organising and representing workers
  • Algorithmic management

  • View
• Featured

  Agreement guaranteeing cab drivers and platforms minimum pay per ride

  A multi-party agreement between organisations representing self-employed workers (AVF, FNAE, CFTC, UNSA) and organisations representing platforms, such as Uber or Caocao (API, FFTPR) was signed on 18 January 2023 in France. The agreement establishes a minimum pay per ride of €7.65 net, regardless of duration or distance travelled and applies to al…

  • Date 27 April 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Organising and representing platforms

  • View
• Featured

  Minimum hourly wage for platform delivery drivers and riders established

  On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE) and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a collective agreement determining an hourly wage of €11,75 for platform delivery drivers and riders.

  The wage per hour worked has been determined by considering the time spa…

  • Date 20 April 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Working conditions

  • View
• Featured

  Collective Agreement Signed to Regulate Platform Account Deactivation in France

  On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE), the Independent Union, and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a collective agreement determining the terms under which platforms may terminate their business relationships with platform workers in the form of acc…

  • Date 20 April 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Employment contract
  • Algorithmic management

  • View
• Featured

  Method agreement on resources for representatives of platform delivery workers established

  On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE) and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a method agreement defining a social agenda and granting additional resources, allocated by the platforms, to those representing platform delivery workers.

  The goal of this …

  • Date 20 April 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Negotiation of working conditions

  • View
• Featured

  French Cour de Cassation: Uber driver is an employee

  On 25 January 2023, the French Cour de Cassation(Chambre Sociale) annulled a decision by the Lyon Court of Appeal because it found the lower court had misapplied the legal test for determining a subordinate relationship.

  The appeal court focused on the driver's freedom when not connected to the app, whereas the Cour de Cassation ruled that the cor…

  • Date 25 January 2023
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Employment contract
  • Algorithmic management

  • View
• Featured

  French National Assembly Ratifies Decree for Platform Worker Representation

  On 28 September 2021, the French National Assembly ratified a government decree on collective representation for platform workers. This foresees that as of 2022, drivers and couriers working for platforms can hold trade union elections. Furthermore, it includes the establishment of the Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d’emploi (ARPE…

  • Date 1 April 2022
  • Type

  Type

  • Industrial action
  • Negotiation of working conditions
  • Organising and representing workers

  • View
• Featured

  Indépendants.co

  Indépendants.co is a union of self-employed workers in France. Launched in February 2020, it collectivises and represents self-employed workers. The union’s goals are to renew the forms of social dialogue to protect self-employed workers and to push institutional changes in social protection systems which will lead to improved coverage for self-em…

  • Date 24 January 2022
  • Type

  Type

  • Organising and representing workers

  • View
• Featured

  Framework Law on Mobility and Decree No. 2020-1284 of 22 October 2020

  In November 2019, the Framework Law on Mobility was adopted in France. The new framework aims primarily at new mobility solutions and reducing carbon emissions through mobility. However, it also contains provisions aiming to regulate platform work. The objective is to addresses the shortcomings of social protection and working conditions of platfo…

  • Date 24 January 2022
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Legislation

  • View
• Featured

  Employment Platforms Social Relations Authority established in France

  Ordinance No. 2021-484 of 21 April 2021 creates the Employment Platforms Social Relations Authority (Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d’emploi, ARPE).

  This ordinance sets the terms and conditions for the representation of self-employed workers using platforms for their activity as well as the conditions for exercising this represent…

  • Date 21 April 2021
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Legislation
  • Social rights

  • View
• Featured

  Association of independent platform workers (API) , France

  The Association of independent platform workers (Association des Plateformes des indépendants, API) is a business association established by platforms in France in order to represent their position to public authorities and engage in social dialogue with platform workers’ delegates. API works on fundamental subjects such as the remuneration of the…

  • Date 1 February 2021
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Organising and representing workers
  • Advice and exchange

  • View
• Featured

  France, Cour de Cassation Social Chamber – 4 March 2020: Uber Driver Classified as Employee

  A driver (Mr F.) asked for his contractual relationship with Uber BV to be reclassified as an employment contract, after Uber deactivated his account. The Paris Court of Appeal (10 January 2019) had agreed, finding that his status as “independent” was fictitious. Uber France and Uber BV appealed.

  The Cour de cassation upheld the appeal court’s dec…

  • Date 4 March 2020
  • Type On-location determined

  Type

  • Employment contract

  • View

All initiatives

65 records found