Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 389 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in June 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 389 entries and was last updated in June 2024.
On September 19th, 2023, a collective agreement has been signed for the VTC (chauffeur-driven transport car) platform sector laying out rules on transparency, and determining the terms under which platforms may terminate their business relationships with platform workers in the form of account deactivation.
This agreement entails rules on how VTC …
Union Indépendants is a trade union that aims to represent the interests of self-employed workers including solo-self employed, freelancers and other categories of platform workers. The union is in favor of he regulation of employment on platforms and seeks to ensure a balanced relationship between platforms and self-employed workers particularly …
A multi-party agreement between organisations representing self-employed workers (AVF, FNAE, CFTC, UNSA) and organisations representing platforms, such as Uber or Caocao (API, FFTPR) was signed on 18 January 2023 in France. The agreement establishes a minimum pay per ride of €7.65 net, regardless of duration or distance travelled and applies to al…
On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE) and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a collective agreement determining an hourly wage of €11,75 for platform delivery drivers and riders.
The wage per hour worked has been determined by considering the time spa…
On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE), the Independent Union, and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a collective agreement determining the terms under which platforms may terminate their business relationships with platform workers in the form of acc…
On the 20th of April 2023, the National Federation of Autoentrepreneurs and Microentrepreneurs in France (FNAE) and the Association of Independent Platforms (API) have signed a method agreement defining a social agenda and granting additional resources, allocated by the platforms, to those representing platform delivery workers.
The goal of this …
On 28 September 2021, the French National Assembly ratified a government decree on collective representation for platform workers. This foresees that as of 2022, drivers and couriers working for platforms can hold trade union elections. Furthermore, it includes the establishment of the Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d’emploi (ARPE…
Indépendants.co is a union of self-employed workers in France. Launched in February 2020, it collectivises and represents self-employed workers. The union’s goals are to renew the forms of social dialogue to protect self-employed workers and to push institutional changes in social protection systems which will lead to improved coverage for self-em…
In November 2019, the Framework Law on Mobility was adopted in France. The new framework aims primarily at new mobility solutions and reducing carbon emissions through mobility. However, it also contains provisions aiming to regulate platform work. The objective is to addresses the shortcomings of social protection and working conditions of platfo…
Ordinance No. 2021-484 of 21 April 2021 sets the terms and conditions for the representation of self-employed workers using platforms for their activity and the conditions for exercising this representation.
This ordinance sets the terms and conditions for the representation of self-employed workers using platforms for their activity as well as th…
The Association of platforms using independent workers (Association des Plateformes des indépendants, API) is a business association established by platforms in France in order to represent their position to public authorities and engage in social dialogue with platform workers’ delegates. API works on fundamental subjects such as the remuneration…
61 records found
| Date | Title | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| 19 December 2023 | Collective agreement for freedom to choose journeys signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 15 February 2023 | Deliveroo France estimated to have concealed 60000 job between 2018-2021
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 18 January 2023 | Agreement on minimum income per ride signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
| 18 January 2023 | Method agreement on negotiations and social dialogue in the VTC platform sector signed
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 19 April 2022 | Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris fines Deliveroo €375,000 for undocumented concealed employment
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
| 24 January 2022 | LuZéCa cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Belo Livraison cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Toutenvélo cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Coursiers Stéphanois
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Véliv Cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Rayon local
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Cyclôme cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Le Rayon Vert cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Tours'n Messengers cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Coursiers Nantais cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Naofood cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Feel à vélo cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Coursiers Brestois cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | KOOGLOF! cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Initiative Emploi
Initiative | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Coursiers Nancéiens cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Fast and Curious Coursiers cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Beefast cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Lille.bike cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | ReAct
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | UNION (CFDT)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 24 January 2022 | La Cour Cyclette cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Cyclopes cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Court judgement on employment status (Deliveroo)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Court judgements on employment status (Uber)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | A2ROO cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | Les Coursiers Montpelliérains cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | ColisCyclette cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 24 January 2022 | S!cklo cooperative
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 December 2021 | L’Observatoire de l’Uberisation (Observatory of ‘uberisation’)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 10 August 2021 | Revision of the legal framework for platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 9 August 2021 | French Law no. 2018-898 of 23 October 2018
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 3 February 2021 | Deliveroo France
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Uber advice and training
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Frizbiz
Initiative | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Coursiers Bordelais
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | SCP-VTC (Syndicat des Chauffeurs Privés - véhicule de tourisme avec chauffeur)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | General Confederation of Labour (Confédération générale du travail, CGT)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | SCCUD Dijon
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Just Eat hires 4500 workers in France
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | SCVG Bordeaux and CGT
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Common Platforms (Plateformes en Communs) and Association La Coop des Communs
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 22 January 2021 | BlaBlaSure/AXA
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | AXA insurance and Uber
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 22 January 2021 | France: Law 2016-1088
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 22 January 2021 | Independent Delivery Workers Collective in Paris (CLAP)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 22 January 2021 | CGT delivery unions
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 21 January 2021 | Travail Gratuit (Free Labour)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 21 January 2021 | Sharers & Workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 21 January 2021 | Dataset worker resistance
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 21 January 2021 | CoopCycle
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
| 15 January 2021 | Uber driver is an 'independent contractor', French court rules
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 1 January 2020 | Intersyndicale nationale (INV) VTC trade union
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
| 28 November 2018 | Court of Cassation, civil, Social Chamber, November 28, 2018, 17-20.079 (Cour de cassation, civile, Chambre sociale, 28 novembre 2018, 17-20.079)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 9 November 2017 | Arret 9 Novembre 2017 N. 16/12875
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
| 3 July 2017 | Opinion of Advocate General Szpunar: Case C-320/16 Uber France SAS
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
