European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)
Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change.
When the procedure of implementing collective redundancies is not adhered to by an employer, there are regulations set in place that outline consequences for the offending employer, for instance in the form of fines.
Through technological change, employers' possibilities to monitor their employees have grown. To protect employees' rights, relevant rules for employers are increasingly being codified setting out what is permissible and what is not permissible.
Regulations on algorithmic management set rules for employers to abide by when applying algorithmic tools to manage work processes. Algorithms increasingly govern the automatic assignment of work tasks or the payment and performance ratings for tasks completed. Rules can relate to the transparency of the algorithms, the obligations for human inter…
Definition of collective dismissal
Effects of non-compliance with dismissal regulations
Employment protection in relation to business transfers
Public authorities information and consultation on dismissals
Rescue procedures in insolvency
Staff information and consultation on business transfers
Wage guarantee in case of insolvency
Obligation to consider alternatives to collective dismissals
Staff information and consultation on restructuring plans
Severance pay/redundancy compensation
Redundant employees entitlement to public support
Selection of employees for (collective) dismissals
Employee monitoring and surveillance
Reemployment obligation after restructuring
Employers obligation to support redundant employees
Employees obligation to undertake training
Employer's obligation to improve energy efficiency
Company incentives to deploy electric vehicles
Employers obligation to provide skill development plans or training
Obligation to undertake energy efficiency audits
Health monitoring of workers affected by restructuring
Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change. The database covers statutory rules, only, and does not include collective agreements or comany-level initiatives. The regulations are described in terms of their content, thresholds, involved actors and who covers the cost (if applicable). The aim is to facilitate a cross-national comparison of the main features of restructuring-related legislation.
Eurofound aims to keep this information up to date and accurate. If errors are brought to our attention, we will try to correct them. However, Eurofound accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information in this database.
Between the end of 2022 and the first half of 2023, almost 300,000 employees working for ‘big tech’ companies were laid off across the world, making headlines for months in global media. This development has been a shock, considering the high numbers of jobs in well-known tech corporations with a reputation for offering good working conditions and well-paid positions.
The retail banking sector is fertile ground for studying the impacts of digitalisation on work and employment. Financial services are increasingly provided online, without the intermediary of customer-facing institutions. Many banks in the sector have been undergoing serial restructuring since the global financial crisis, and it is one of the few service sectors with stagnant or declining employment.
Since 2011, the Restructuring support instruments database of the EU PolicyWatch has been collecting information on measures that assist companies and workers to anticipate and manage restructuring. This article looks at measures in the database aimed at supporting employees and employers during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022).
Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor database reveals the impact of the energy crisis on employment in the EU. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, energy prices have hit record highs. The European Commission imposed sanctions and limitations on the import of oil and gas from Russia, which has reacted by reneging on supply commitments to many Member States.
