Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 347 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in August 2023 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
Search
The database currently contains 347 entries and was last updated in August 2023.
87 records found
| Countries | Date | Title | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
|
14 July 2023 | Trade union membership fees of up to PLN 300 tax deductible in Poland
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
5 July 2023 | Turin Court Rules Glovo Riders are Employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
1 July 2023 | Amendment to Finnish Employment Contracts Act, new criteria for distinction between self-employment and dependent employment
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
29 June 2023 | Spanish Government announces Taxis are a public service, new environmental conditions further restrict number of private hire vehicles (VTC)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
26 June 2023 | The Social Court in Barcelona, Spain, rules Clintu Online and the workers are in an employment relationship
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
20 June 2023 | Italian Court rules Glovo must disclose AI logic and mechanism for assigning deliveries to riders
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
31 May 2023 | Karshan v Revenue Commissioners
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
3 May 2023 | Danish tax authority rules Wolt must administer taxes for couriers
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
27 April 2023 | Agreement guarunteeing cab drivers and platforms on minimum pay per ride
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
|
3 April 2023 | Portugal enters new legal framework for Decent Work Agenda into Labour Code
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
24 March 2023 | Supreme Court of Netherlands finds Deliveroo couriers are employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
15 February 2023 | Amendments to the Labour Relations Act to Recognise the Platform Economy
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
15 February 2023 | Catalan Decree Law on Taxi and Private Hire Platforms (VTC)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
14 February 2023 | Milan Court of Appeal judges Deliveroo delivery rider must have employment status.
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
24 January 2023 | Labour and Social Security Inspectorate (ITSS) fines Glovo €57 million for false categorisation of self-employed and engaging workers without work permits
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
1 December 2022 | Amendment of the Traffic Act (917/A)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
2 countries |
1 December 2022 | Automatic Exchange of Information on Traders on Online Platforms
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
1 November 2022 | Legal Notice 268 of 2022, ‘Digital Platform Delivery Wages Council Wage Regulation Order 2022’
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
29 September 2022 | Croatian Labour Act amended and Act on Elimination of Unregistered Work introduced
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
15 July 2022 | Practical guide on algorithms in the workplace provided by the Ministry of Labour in Spain
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
19 April 2022 | Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris fines Deliveroo €375,000 for undocumented concealed employment
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
1 April 2022 | Update of Code of Practice on Determining Employment Status in Ireland
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
1 April 2022 | Autorité des relations sociales des plateformes d’emploi (ARPE)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
1 April 2022 | Greek Law no. 4530/2018
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
31 March 2022 | Transposition of the Directive on predictable and transparent working conditions in the EU
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
7 March 2022 | Court ban on Uber in Slovakia
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
7 March 2022 | Amendments to Road Transport Legislation and the Uber fiasco in Hungary
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
7 March 2022 | Tax memorandum signed by Uber in Czechia
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
7 March 2022 | Amendment of the Road Transport Act in Czechia
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
15 February 2022 | Code of Good Practice (Catalonia)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
24 January 2022 | Framework Law on Mobility and Decree No. 2020-1284 of 22 October 2020
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
24 January 2022 | Amendment to the Road Transportation Law and conflicts over Uber in Poland
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
6 January 2022 | The Deliverance Project (protest network)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
6 January 2022 | Rulings on employment statuses by the Finnish Workers’ Compensation Centre (TVK)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
8 December 2021 | Brussels Labour Tribunal qualifies Deliveroo riders as self-employed
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
23 November 2021 | Regulations of Airbnb in the Netherlands
Initiative | On-location client-determined routine work |
|
|
|
23 November 2021 | Brussels vs. Uber
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
23 November 2021 | Platform Coop Brussels
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
27 October 2021 | Regulations for Airbnb & Co
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
27 October 2021 | Riders Collective
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
27 October 2021 | Agreement between the City of Vienna and HomeAway on the transfer of the city tax
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
16 September 2021 | Greek Law no. 4808/2021
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
10 August 2021 | Revision of the legal framework for platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
9 August 2021 | French Law no. 2018-898 of 23 October 2018
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
2 August 2021 | National Court recognises collective dismissal of 4,000 delivery workers by Portier Eats Spain as unlawful
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
12 May 2021 | Riders’ law
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
21 April 2021 | Ordinance No. 2021-484 of 21 April 2021 to establish representation for platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
Tag Updated |
|
26 March 2021 | Amendment to Passenger Transport Act in Germany
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
22 March 2021 | EU taxation rules to strengthen administrative cooperation and include sales through digital platforms
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
1 March 2021 | Charter of Values
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
3 February 2021 | Road Transport Code
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
3 February 2021 | Sharing Economy Council
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
1 February 2021 | Tax control on Airbnb in Hamburg, Germany
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
1 February 2021 | Transportation law (Autopārvadājumu likums)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
1 February 2021 | Jakamistalousinfo.fi (Sharing Economy Information)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
1 February 2021 | Directive 2019/1152 on transparent and predictable working conditions
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
1 February 2021 | The EU Observatory on the Online Platform Economy
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
1 February 2021 | Uber and taxi regulations in Sweden
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
22 January 2021 | Estonia Tax and Customs
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Loi De Croo (Belgie programmawet 2016021055)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Riders Union Bologna
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
22 January 2021 | Slovenian Road Transport Act
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Portuguese regulation in the transport sector
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Amendment to Residential Tenancies Act in Ireland
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Regional legislation in Lazio, Italy
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Italy: Decree 50/2017
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | France: Law 2016-1088
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Estonian Public Transportation Act
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Danish Government Sharing Economy Strategy
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | European Council – regulation on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers for Business
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Social protection for self-employed delivery platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
22 January 2021 | California Assembly Bill No. 5
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
22 January 2021 | Easier access to social benefits for platform workers in UK
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 January 2021 | Temporary compensation scheme for platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | Travail Gratuit (Free Labour)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | Decree 1076/2017 on ride-hailing services (VTC)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
2 countries |
21 January 2021 | Sharing Cities Alliance
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | Instituto Nacional de Seguridad, Salud y Bienesar en el Trabajo (INSSBT, National Institute for Safety, Health and Wellbeing at Work, Spain)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | iLabour – Online Labour Strife (Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford, UK)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
2 countries |
21 January 2021 | Declaration of Sharing Cities
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
21 January 2021 | Sharing Economy Committee
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | European Agenda for the collaborative economy
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
21 January 2021 | Riders’ municipal information counter
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
|
|
5 countries |
15 January 2021 | Giggin’ Policy Project
Initiative | No platform work typology |
|
|
|
22 September 2020 | ECJ Joined Cases C‑724/18 and C‑727/18
Court ruling | On-location client-determined routine work |
|
|
29 March 2019 | Ridesharing ordinance
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
