Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 393 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in August 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 393 entries and was last updated in August 2024.
In 2018, nearly 50 cities across the world signed a declaration introducing a set of principles in relation to the platform economy. The principles are aimed at local administration and include the differentiation between different platform models (collaborative models that benefit the city as a whole vs non-collaborative models), labour (possibility for workers to increase income through platform work without administrative burdens, platforms to ensure timely compensation), inclusion (prevention of discrimination), public protection (health, safety and security, ensured by institutional mechanisms), environmental sustainability, data sovereignty (protection of citizens’ digital rights), city sovereignty (guarantee respect for the legal jurisdictions of cities given the potential disruption from the digital platforms), economic promotion (promote the development of local collaborative economic ecosystems and particularly small and medium enterprises), and general interest of the involved communities. Many cities from Europe, the United States, Canada, and Taiwan signed the declaration.
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The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
Non-EU
EU 27