Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 386 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in February 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 386 entries and was last updated in February 2024.
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France
On the 18th of January 2023, an agreement has been reached detailing that a minimum €7,65 are to be paid per trip per driver in the French chauffeur-driven transport car (VTC) platform economy.
This agreement results out of the goal to improve the social rights of platform workers. While the minimum amount of €7,65 is subject to change as it will be revisited, the primary argument resulting out of the discussion of the social partners is that no ride, no matter the duration thereof, can be paid less that this minimum amount.
The background of this collective agreement is the aim to improve the working conditions of platform workers engaged in deliveries. It has been organised by the Employment Platforms Social Relations Authority of the French government. Participants in this social dialogue and signatories of the agreement are the Association of VTC Drivers (AVF), the National Federation of Auto-Entrepreneurs (FNAE), the French Confederation of Christian Workers (CFTC), the National Union of Autonomous Unions (UNSA), the Association of Independent Platforms (API) and the French Federation of Passenger Transport by Reservation (FFTPR).
The following recent changes to this initiative have been recorded.
On September 19th 2023, a new agreement was signed as the topic of minimum income for VTC platform workers was revisited, increasing the minimum income per ride to €9 instead of the initial €7,65.
On behalf of employee organisations, the AVF, FNAE, CFTC and UNSA signed the agreement, together with API and FFTPR on behalf of VTC platforms. The agreement comes into force on 01 February 2024.
Ordinance No. 2021-484 of 21 April 2021 sets the terms and conditions for the representation of self-employed workers using platforms for their activity and the conditions for exercising this representation. …
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
