Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 385 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in February 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 385 entries and was last updated in February 2024.
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| Countries | Date | Title | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
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28 February 2024 | Court ruling: online supermarket platform workers are covered by the supermarket collective agreement
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 February 2024 | Court ruling obliges Stuart to pay 237,000 euros for riders falsely declared as self-emlpoyed
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 February 2024 | Superior Court of Justice of Catalonia: JustEat does not illegally sub-contract riders
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 February 2024 | Valencian Court fines Cabify €60,000 for illegally subcontracting drivers
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 February 2024 | Employment relationship between platform worker and platform recognised
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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12 January 2024 | United States: Amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act address Employment Status of Platform Workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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21 November 2023 | UK Supreme Court: Deliveroo riders are not workers and have no collective bargaining rights
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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5 July 2023 | Turin Court Rules Glovo Riders are Employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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4 July 2023 | Guide for Safer and More Secured Food Courier Work
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 July 2023 | Amendment to Finnish Employment Contracts Act, new criteria for distinction between self-employment and dependent employment
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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26 June 2023 | The Social Court in Barcelona, Spain, rules Clintu Online and the workers are in an employment relationship
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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31 May 2023 | Karshan v Revenue Commissioners
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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3 May 2023 | Danish tax authority rules Wolt must administer taxes for couriers
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 April 2023 | Agreement guaranteeing cab drivers and platforms on minimum pay per ride
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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3 April 2023 | Portugal enters new legal framework for Decent Work Agenda into Labour Code
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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24 March 2023 | Supreme Court of Netherlands finds Deliveroo couriers are employees
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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24 March 2023 | Dutch Supreme Court ruled Deliveroo couriers are employees, not self-employed
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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18 February 2023 | Danish firm Nemlig and trade union 3F Transport conclude Collective Bargaining Agreement for delivery drivers
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 February 2023 | Deliveroo France estimated to have concealed 60000 job between 2018-2021
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 February 2023 | Milan: Court rules Glovo must employ a rider
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 February 2023 | Basque Parliament condemns Glovo
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 February 2023 | Berlin Payday Fund Established To Help Riders Facing Wage Arrears
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 February 2023 | Milan Court of Appeal judges Deliveroo delivery rider must have employment status.
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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14 November 2022 | A ruling forces Glovo to hire its 206 delivery drivers
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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10 November 2022 | Observatory of Labour, Algorithm and Society
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 November 2022 | Legal Notice 268 of 2022, ‘Digital Platform Delivery Wages Council Wage Regulation Order 2022’
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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29 September 2022 | Croatian Labour Act amended and Act on Elimination of Unregistered Work introduced
Initiative | No platform work typology |
Tag Updated |
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19 April 2022 | Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris fines Deliveroo €375,000 for undocumented concealed employment
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 April 2022 | E-food grants riders contracts
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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24 January 2022 | Court judgement on employment status (Deliveroo)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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6 January 2022 | Court judgement on employment status (Foodinho, Glovo, UberEats, JustEat and Deliveroo)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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6 January 2022 | Court judgement on employment status (Glovo)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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6 January 2022 | Chabber and the Temporary Employment Act
Initiative | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
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6 January 2022 | Platform (Wolt) sued by Service Union United (PAM)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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6 January 2022 | Rulings on employment statuses by the Finnish Workers’ Compensation Centre (TVK)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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6 January 2022 | Statement of the Finnish Labour Council on employment status (Foodora and Wolt)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 December 2021 | L’Observatoire de l’Uberisation (Observatory of ‘uberisation’)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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8 December 2021 | Brussels Labour Tribunal qualifies Deliveroo riders as self-employed
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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23 November 2021 | Court judgement on employment status (Uber)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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23 November 2021 | Court judgement on employment status (Deliveroo)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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23 November 2021 | Court judgement on employment status (Uber)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2021 | Legal dispute over work relationship
Court ruling | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
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2 August 2021 | National Court recognises collective dismissal of 4,000 delivery workers by Portier Eats Spain as unlawful
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 March 2021 | Charter of Values
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | turespuestasindical
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Asoriders
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Coursiers Bordelais
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Riders’ Union Netherlands
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Mladi Plus
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
3 countries |
22 January 2021 | FairCrowdWork
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Slovenian Road Transport Act
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Portuguese regulation in the transport sector
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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22 January 2021 | Estonian Public Transportation Act
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Social protection for self-employed delivery platform workers
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | California Assembly Bill No. 5
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Court judgement on employment status (Deliveroo)
Court ruling | No platform work typology |
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22 January 2021 | Registration of Amazon Flex deliverers
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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21 January 2021 | Travail Gratuit (Free Labour)
Initiative | No platform work typology |
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21 January 2021 | Decree 1076/2017 on ride-hailing services (VTC)
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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21 January 2021 | Italian trade union support for platform workers
Initiative | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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21 January 2021 | Liefern am Limit
Initiative | On-location client-determined routine work |
Tag Updated |
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15 January 2021 | Uber driver is an 'independent contractor', French court rules
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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1 December 2020 | So-called crowdworkers can be employees
Court ruling | No platform work typology |
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18 November 2020 | Judgement No. 259/2020 (SENTENCIA Nº 259/2020)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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26 October 2020 | TaskRunner appeals against employer liability
Court ruling | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
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7 July 2020 | 187 - Décision anonymiséee
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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4 December 2019 | Crowdworkers are not automatically employees
Court ruling | No platform work typology |
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11 July 2019 | Online platform Helpling is not allowed to charge any commission to cleaners
Court ruling | On-location client-determined moderately skilled work |
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10 June 2019 | GCJ case - SJSO 2892/2019
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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15 January 2019 | Federation of Dutch Trade Unions (FNV) against Deliveroo on employment status
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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28 November 2018 | Court of Cassation, civil, Social Chamber, November 28, 2018, 17-20.079 (Cour de cassation, civile, Chambre sociale, 28 novembre 2018, 17-20.079)
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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23 July 2018 | Deliverers not employed by meal delivery platform
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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10 April 2018 | Civil action: Razak, Sabani and Cherdoud vs. Uber Technologies Inc., and Gegan, LLC, N. 16-573
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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6 April 2018 | Ruling 7/5/2018 n. 778
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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20 December 2017 | The European Court of Justice ruled that Uber should be regulated as traditional taxi services
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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2 countries |
10 November 2017 | Judgment in Uber v. Aslam, Farrar, Dawson and others UKEAT/0056/17/DA
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
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27 October 2016 | Aslam and Farrar vs Uber Case: 2202550/2015
Court ruling | On-location platform-determined routine work |
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
