Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 389 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in June 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 389 entries and was last updated in June 2024.
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Spain
The Superior Court of Justice of Catalonia has annulled a €187,000 fine which was imposed on JustEat in April of 2022 by the Catalan government.
The government had fined JustEat under the presumption that the platform was illegally sub-contracting 183 riders through sub-contractor Fleet, stating that JustEat was in an employment relationship with the riders given the circumstances.
However, the court has now found that this is not the case. Accordingly, the court states that Fleet is in charge of organising, managing and controlling riders, meaning that Fleet operates independently from JustEat and manages the orders. To the court, JustEat has limited access to data regarding the deliveries, such as the status of food orders, and no access to order management. According to the court, the fine was imposed wrongfully and JustEat was not illegally sub-contracting riders.
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
