Platform work database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s Platform Work Database provides information on 461 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in September 2026 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 461 entries and was last updated in September 2026.
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Spain
The Ministry of Labour and Social Economy published a draft bill to transpose Directive (EU) 2024/2831 and opened a prior public consultation on 31 July 2026, which ran through 14 August 2026. The draft expands the scope of national platform legislation beyond the existing 2021 Rider Law (Ley Rider). The proposed text extends the statutory presumption of employment from food delivery riders to all digital labour platforms operating in Spain, including care work, domestic service, and online freelance platforms. Once triggered by facts indicating direction and control, the legal burden shifts to the platform to rebut the employment relationship. The bill also incorporates the Directive's algorithmic management provisions into the Workers' Statute (Estatuto de los Trabajadores), mandating human oversight of automated decisions (such as account suspensions) and prohibiting algorithmic processing of sensitive worker data, including emotional state or trade union activity. Regarding subcontracting, the draft maintains Spain's strict enforcement framework established under the Rider Law. It treats third-party fleet intermediaries and subcontracting agencies that operate under the direction of a platform's algorithm as falling under the scope of the employment presumption, seeking to prevent platforms from using external fleets to bypass direct employment obligations.
This digital story presents headline findings on the working conditions and information needs of online platform workers across key areas: Who platform workers are; Where they operate geographically; Their working conditions and earnings; How algorithmic management impacts their work; Information needs about rights and protecting workers in the digital economy.
This report analyses the working conditions and information needs of online platform workers based on a survey of 3 830 workers across 15 EU Member States. Unlike existing research focused on on-location platform work, this study examines workers who provide services entirely online. The findings reveal a workforce that is predominantly male, of prime working age and highly educated, primarily delivering skilled professional services rather than microtasks.
Building on Eurofound’s established conceptual framework of the digital age, this concept paper examines how the unfolding artificial intelligence wave is set to transform not only the world of work and employment, but also the wider fabric of society, from the delivery and quality of public services to the production, dissemination and governance of information. The analysis is guided by four vectors of change – automation, augmentation, digitisation and platformisation – identified as the central drivers shaping this transformation. The concepts presented in this paper will inform Eurofound’s future research on artificial intelligence and algorithmic management.
Findings of a new Eurofound–ELA survey conducted in 15 Member States confirm the widespread use of intrusive algorithmic management practices in online platform work.
This working paper aims to provide an overview of the legal landscape of online platform work in the EU, focusing on a set of key issues relating to the rights and protections of online platform workers. Specifically, regulations concerning working conditions and social protection, the complexities of cross-border platform work, and regulations on algorithmic management, data privacy, and protection.
This article explores how algorithmic management operates, distinguishing between rule-based and AI-driven approaches, and examines how it automates key managerial functions such as planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. It also considers the implications for workers’ employment status, drawing on recent court rulings, and assesses its impact on working conditions, highlighting both potential benefits such as efficiency gains and risks including reduced autonomy, unfair treatment and privacy infringements.
