Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 393 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in August 2024 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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The database currently contains 393 entries and was last updated in August 2024.
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France
In January 2018, an Uber driver’s request to be regarded as employee was dismissed by the Paris Industrial Tribunal. The driver requested the reclassification of the service provider contract which bound him to the company similar to an employment contract and demanded the payment of paid vacation, the reimbursement of professional expenses as well as compensation for concealed work. However, the Paris Tribunal judged that no control of the working time was exercised by the company which means that the drivers do not have any obligation of being present or be digitally connected.
In March 2020, the Court of Cassation classified the relation between Uber and its drivers as an employment contract. The ruling followed a complaint issued by a driver in 2017 after his account had been deleted by the platform.
Following the decision of the Court of Cassation in 2020, the Paris Court of Appeal ruled that the service contract between Uber and its drivers had to be redefined as an employment contract as of May 2021.
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
