Platform economy database
Database of initiatives and court cases in the EU
Eurofound’s platform economy database provides information on 411 initiatives and court cases that exist or have been implemented in relation to activities in the platform economy. The database was last updated in March 2025 and provides metadata for each entry, such as geographical scope, year, type of initiative, actors involved, sector and companies concerned. Initiatives include legal instruments such as legislative changes or court decisions, as well as voluntary interventions undertaken by different stakeholders to address issues around platform work.
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Belgium
The Administrative Commission for the Regulation of Employment Relations in Belgium determined that the working relationship between a driver (X) and the platform (Y) was not one of self-employment but rather an employment relationship. The dispute was centred on the correct classification of the driver's employment status, as he claimed that the conditions imposed by the platform made him feel like an employee rather than an independent contractor. The driver argued that the working conditions imposed by the platform Y did not allow him to exercise his work as an independent contractor, suggesting there was a relationship of authority and lack of autonomy.
Motivation for Ruling:
Lack of Autonomy: X had limited freedom in organising his work and was subject to strict control and instructions from the platform.
Control and Authority: The platform imposed a hierarchical control, monitoring performance, and dictating the terms of service provision. Integration into Platform: The driver's work was integrated with and dependent on the platform Y's systems. Presumption of Employment: More than half of the legal criteria indicating employment were met.
The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising.
Technological change is accelerating as the capacity of electronic devices to digitally store, process and communicate information expands. Digitalisation is transforming the EU economy and labour markets: nearly one-third of EU workplaces are categorised as highly digitalised. What are the implications of the digital revolution for employment and work?
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers.
While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion.
