European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)
Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change.
Article 115
Article 115 stipulates that an employer can terminate an employment contract for legitimate reasons by giving either the statutory notice or the notice stated in the contract of employment (regular notice of dismissal). Among others, grounds for dismissal include cancellation due to business reasons, where there is no longer the need to perform certain work due to economic, technological or organisational reasons. If dismissals happen for business reasons, the employer cannot employ another employee for the same position for six months after the date of the dismissal notice. In case there is a need for employment in the same position within these six months, the employer must offer an employment contract to the employee dismissed for business reasons.
Accordingly, an employer who has made a regular termination of employment contract cannot employ other employees for these positions for at least six months. The obligation is valid also in cases of collective dismissals with the respective thresholds, pursuant to article 127. If there is a need for employees in the same positions within a period of six months from the redundancies, employers are obliged to offer employment contracts first to the employees dismissed for business reasons.
Judicial practice recognises several causes as justified reasons for cancellation due to business reasons, including market downsizing, reduction in the scope of activities and non-profitability of a certain activity and/or an individual job position. There are no legally prescribed control mechanisms to track whether an employer first offers jobs to employees made redundant within six months of the redundancy.
Information on employment flows within the company must be made available to the works council, provided that the number of employees in the company from the date of dismissal to the date of reemployment has not fallen below 20 (as the establishment of a works council is a right in companies with at least 20 employees). Provided that the works council still exists, it can report to the public authorities on the compliance of the employer to these legal provisions. Otherwise, redundant employees can find out informally from former colleagues whether new employees were employed for their positions within six months following their dismissal and check this information with the public employment service which retains an updated register of employment.
The law does not specify the consequences for non-compliance. Under article 228 (23), an employer is fined from €1,320 to €3,980 for serious (major) offences, if before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of delivery of the decision on dismissal, he or she employs another worker in the same jobs, and he or she has not offered to conclude an employment contract with the worker whom he or she dismissed for business-conditioned reasons (Article 115, paragraphs 5 and 6).
Eurofound (2015), Croatia: Reemployment obligation after restructuring, Restructuring legislation database, Dublin, https://apps.eurofound.europa.eu/legislationdb/reemployment-obligation-after-restructuring/croatia
While large-scale redundancies at major manufacturers dominate the headlines, the true impact of this restructuring is being felt most acutely within the wider supply chain. This article examines the uneven distribution of job losses, the growing geographical shifts in production, ...
Eurofound’s ERM restructuring legislation database offers an overview of key restructuring-related regulations in the EU Member States and Norway. Its content is continuously updated to reflect any changes made by national legislators in response to, for instance, policy shifts, legal ...
Can Europe still achieve its ambitions for battery manufacturing? To answer this, the article looks at data from Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor and explores what recent large-scale restructuring events reveal about the state of play in the EU battery sector.
This working paper offers a comprehensive methodological overview of the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) databases. Even though the methodology has not changed over time, new categories have been added, and the way it has been used by researchers and policymakers ...
