European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)
Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change.
Article 18 of Law 3/2012
During the consultation period of a collective dismissal in general (within 90 days, more than 5 employees made redundant if the whole workforce is affected; at least 10 employees in companies with fewer than 100 employees; 10% of the employees in companies between 100 and 299 employees; and 30 employees in companies with more than 299 employees), employers and workers’ representatives discuss not only the reasons for the dismissal, but also the possibility of avoiding or reducing its effects, as well as the necessary measures to attenuate its consequences for workers. This does not apply in case of individual dismissals.
For example, the negotiators can agree on measures such as the use of outplacement companies, training (including training for the improvement of the workers' employability), or other measures to make possible the viability of the undertaking.
In undertakings with 50 or more employees, the employer must provide a social plan to the public authorities and workers’ representatives. The social plan can include the following measures:
Companies have to carry out a special training and redeployment plan of at least 6 months implemented by means of an authorised outplacement company, if the collective dismissal affects over 50 employees.
It is worth noting that only companies employing 50 workers or more are forced to implement a social plan aiming to support dismissed workers.
In practice, the use of early retirement schemes as social plan measure results in dismissals of employees near retirement age. This will not be discriminatory if continuity of earnings until retirement age is guaranteed, and justified that if these were not dismissed, other workers would be affected and the company could not guarantee compensation for them. In this case, these employees would be in worse situation in terms of entering the labour market.
Law 3/2012 extended external flexibility by specifying more precisely the objective reasons under which an employer can undertake a collective redundancy. In exchange, the law forced the companies to carry out a special training and relocation plan for the workers dismissed if the collective dismiss affects over 50 workers.
Eurofound (2015), Spain: Employers obligation to support redundant employees, Restructuring legislation database, Dublin, https://apps.eurofound.europa.eu/legislationdb/employers-obligation-to-support-redundant-employees/spain
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