European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)
Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change.
230-235
Improvement of qualification implies ongoing update of qualification, without a substantial change of the nature of the qualification itself (for instance by acquiring new skills). An employee is obliged to improve his/her qualification to perform an agreed type of work. The employer may require an employee to take part in courses or training, or similar initiatives. An employee's participation in such activities shall be considered as working time for which the employee is entitled to his/her wage or salary. The employer shall bear the costs connected with updating of qualification.
Qualification upgrade shall mean a change in the level of qualification, for example a secretary upgrading her qualification to payroll accountant. Qualification upgrade shall include studies, training and other forms of education for the purpose of attaining higher level education (qualification) provided that this conforms to the needs of the employer. An employee who upgrades his or her qualification in the interest of the employer is entitled to compensatory wage which covers the necessary time to attend lessons, courses of instruction or training and examinations within a study. The employer is not obliged to allow upgrading of qualification during working hours, nor to cover the associated costs. An employee shall not be forced by the employer to upgrade his or her qualification.
Improvement and upgrading of qualification are the most frequent forms of professional development of employees according to the Czech Labour Code. Both forms are often confused. Employers often chose the most favourable and less expensive option.
Eurofound (2015), Czechia: Employees obligation to undertake training, Restructuring legislation database, Dublin, https://apps.eurofound.europa.eu/legislationdb/employees-obligation-to-undertake-training/czechia
While large-scale redundancies at major manufacturers dominate the headlines, the true impact of this restructuring is being felt most acutely within the wider supply chain. This article examines the uneven distribution of job losses, the growing geographical shifts in production, ...
Eurofound’s ERM restructuring legislation database offers an overview of key restructuring-related regulations in the EU Member States and Norway. Its content is continuously updated to reflect any changes made by national legislators in response to, for instance, policy shifts, legal ...
Can Europe still achieve its ambitions for battery manufacturing? To answer this, the article looks at data from Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor and explores what recent large-scale restructuring events reveal about the state of play in the EU battery sector.
This working paper offers a comprehensive methodological overview of the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) databases. Even though the methodology has not changed over time, new categories have been added, and the way it has been used by researchers and policymakers ...
